Undoubtedly, Huston achieved a tour de force with his word-for-word, line-by-line, (pace Flitcraft), version of the novel. Here I would pose a paradox. What is an accepted hardboiled novel becomes in its cinematic transmogrification a noir film. It is as if the transformation of a narrative description of a character into a visual portayal of an performer's interpretation of that description subtly changes its emphasis from the physical to the psychological. Bridget is, in the novel, one tough broad, but as played by Mary Astor becomes a much more vulnerable and ambiguous persona. Perhaps it is that noir is what hardboiled is on the screen and hardboiled is what noir is on the page; the medium shapes and colours the message transmitted. Certainly, Bogart , in _The Maltese Falcon_, _The Big Sleep_, and _Casablanca_, brings a tortured and more complex texture to the personality of the hardboiled hero as found in Hammett's two classic novels. How much, of course, of those characterizations are Bogart playing Bogart or talent bringing out nuances of personality I leave for others to remark upon. David Skene-Melvin - # RARA-AVIS: To unsubscribe, say "unsubscribe rara-avis" # to majordomo@icomm.ca