--- In
rara-avis-l@yahoogroups.com, "Marc Seals"
<mseals@t...> wrote:
> By the way, Bill correctly observes that this is not
the FIRST hard-
boiled
> novel.... What novels would you all put forth as the
first?
>
> ~Marc
My nomination for the first hardboiled novel is Civil War, by
Marcus Annaeus Lucan, published about 60-65 A.D. It is
violent, pessimistic, tough, and colloquial--all reasons why
the Victorians hated it. It is an epic without gods and
without a hero. Lucan considered himself the anti-Virgil. The
extremely anti-authoritarian attitude of Civil War was
probably one of the reasons Nero ordered Lucan to kill
himself.
I recommend the English translation by P.F. Widdows.
--Vince Emery
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